Edge computing infrastructure for 5G networks: a placement optimization solution

This thesis focuses on how to optimize the placement of the Edge Computing infrastructure for upcoming 5G networks. To this aim, the core contributions of this research are twofold: 1) a novel heuristic called Hybrid Simulated Annealing to tackle the NP-hard nature of the problem and, 2) a framework called EdgeON providing a practical tool for real-life deployment optimization. In more detail, Edge Computing has grown into a key solution to 5G latency, reliability and scalability requirements. By bringing computing, storage and networking resources to the edge of the network, delay-sensitive applications, location-aware systems and upcoming real-time services leverage the benefits of a reduced physical and logical path between the end-user and the data or service host. Nevertheless, the edge node placement problem raises critical concerns regarding deployment and operational expenditures (i.e., mainly due to the number of nodes to be deployed), current backhaul network capabilities and non-technical placement limitations. Common approaches to the placement of edge nodes are based on: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), where the processing capabilities are deployed at the Radio Access Network nodes and Facility Location Problem variations, where a simplistic cost function is used to determine where to optimally place the infrastructure. However, these methods typically lack the flexibility to be used for edge node placement under the strict technical requirements identified for 5G networks. They fail to place resources at the network edge for 5G ultra-dense networking environments in a network-aware manner. This doctoral thesis focuses on rigorously defining the Edge Node Placement Problem (ENPP) for 5G use cases and proposes a novel framework called EdgeON aiming at reducing the overall expenses when deploying and operating an Edge Computing network, taking into account the usage and characteristics of the in-place backhaul network and the strict requirements of a 5G-EC ecosystem. The developed framework implements several placement and optimization strategies thoroughly assessing its suitability to solve the network-aware ENPP. The core of the framework is an in-house developed heuristic called Hybrid Simulated Annealing (HSA), seeking to address the high complexity of the ENPP while avoiding the non-convergent behavior of other traditional heuristics (i.e., when applied to similar problems). The findings of this work validate our approach to solve the network-aware ENPP, the effectiveness of the heuristic proposed and the overall applicability of EdgeON. Thorough performance evaluations were conducted on the core placement solutions implemented revealing the superiority of HSA when compared to widely used heuristics and common edge placement approaches (i.e., a MEC-based strategy). Furthermore, the practicality of EdgeON was tested through two main case studies placing services and virtual network functions over the previously optimally placed edge nodes. Overall, our proposal is an easy-to-use, effective and fully extensible tool that can be used by operators seeking to optimize the placement of computing, storage and networking infrastructure at the users’ vicinity. Therefore, our main contributions not only set strong foundations towards a cost-effective deployment and operation of an Edge Computing network, but directly impact the feasibility of upcoming 5G services/use cases and the extensive existing research regarding the placement of services and even network service chains at the edge

A framework for the joint placement of edge service infrastructure and User Plane Functions for 5G

Achieving less than 1 ms end-to-end communication latency, required for certain 5G services and use cases, is imposing severe technical challenges for the deployment of next-generation networks. To achieve such an ambitious goal, the service infrastructure and User Plane Function (UPF) placement at the network edge, is mandatory. However, this solution implies a substantial increase in deployment and operational costs. To cost-effectively solve this joint placement problem, this paper introduces a framework to jointly address the placement of edge nodes (ENs) and UPFs. Our framework proposal relies on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic solutions. The main objective is to determine the ENs and UPFs’ optimal number and locations to minimize overall costs while satisfying the service requirements. To this aim, several parameters and factors are considered, such as capacity, latency, costs and site restrictions. The proposed solutions are evaluated based on different metrics and the obtained results showcase over 20% cost savings for the service infrastructure deployment. Moreover, the gap between the UPF placement heuristic and the optimal solution is equal to only one UPF in the worst cases, and a computation time reduction of over 35% is achieved in all the use cases studied.Postprint (author's final draft

Latency-aware cost optimization of the service infrastructure placement in 5G networks

Under 5G use case scenarios latency is a main challenge that must be addressed, since mission critical environments are mostly delay sensitive. To achieve this goal, the service infrastructure placement optimization is needed in the interest of minimizing the delays in the service access layer. To solve this problem, this paper mathematically models the placement problem in a Fog Computing/NFV environment as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem and proposes a heuristic-based solution considering 5G mobile network requirements. As a practical result, an application was developed to achieve usability and flexibility while ensuring operational applicability of the proposed methods.Postprint (published version

Network-aware Placement Optimization for Edge Computing infrastructure under 5G

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Edge Computing has grown into a key solution for coping with the stringent latency requirements of 5G scenarios. Nevertheless, the edge node placement problem raises critical concerns regarding deployment and operational expenditures (i.e., mainly due to the number of nodes to be deployed),current backhaul network capabilities, non-technical placement limitations, etc. In this paper, a novel framework called EdgeON is presented aiming at reducing the overall expenses when deploying and operating an Edge Computing (EC) network, taking into account the usage and characteristics of the in-place backhaul network. The framework implements several placement and optimization strategies targeting the heavily constrained network-aware Edge Node Placement Problem (ENPP). The results obtained by our solution are promising, achieving an average of30%less Edge Nodes (ENs) deployed and 25% higher average usage ratio when compared to other widely used heuristics. Furthermore, our strategy achieved as core offset of less than2%in comparison to the implemented Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP).Postprint (author's final draft

Competencia autopercibida docente y enfoques de enseñanza en educación primaria

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar la relación entre los factores de la competencia autopercibida docente y los enfoques de enseñanza en el profesorado de educación primaria. La muestra fue de tipo incidental bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transversal y de alcance relacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 158 docentes de un municipio del sur del estado de Sonora. Se aplicó la Escala de Evaluación de la Competencia Autopercibida del Docente en Educación Primaria [ECAD-EP] y el Cuestionario Enfoques de Enseñanza [CEE]. Se utilizó SPSS Versión 25 para el análisis de los datos. Como hallazgo principal se destaca que cuanto mayor sea el enfoque centrado en el alumno, mayor será la competencia autopercibida docente. Se concluye que existen relaciones significativas entre los factores de la competencia autopercibida docente (socioemocional, comunicativo-relacional e instruccional) y los enfoques de enseñanza (enfoque centrado en el profesor y en el alumno)

Proceso de diseño : reflexión en torno a las herremientas teóricas, metodológicas y de interpretación

1 archivo PDF (172 páginas)Al cumplirse treinta años de ser fundada la División de diseño en el tiempo, distinguidos profesores de nuestra comunidad han elaborado doce ensayos para descifrar estas interrogantes en torno al proceso de diseño. Los textos que integran esta publicación necesariamente orientarán a profesionales, especialistas en la materia y por supuesto a los estudiantes de nuestra institución -así como de otras escuelas de educación superior que impartan las carreras de diseño gráfico, arquitectónico o industrial

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements